Docker Basics

Download Docker image

If you don't specify version, docker downloads the latest.
docker pull imageName:imageVersion

List all Docker images

docker images

Create and run Docker container

docker run -it imageId /bin/bash or docker run -it imageName /bin/bash

Publish or expose ports: -p externalPort:internalPort
Assign a container name: --name containerName
Auto start on boot: --restart=always

Tag a local image

docker tag imageID newImageName

Detach from Docker's process

exit or Ctrl+D (This method may stop the container's execution).
Ctrl+P+Q (The container is still executing.).

List all containers

docker ps -a

Start a container

docker start containerId or docker start containerName

Stop a container

docker stop containerId or docker stop containerName

Attach to a running container

docker attach containerId or docker attach containerName

The best way:
docker exec -it containerId /bin/bash or docker exec -it containerName /bin/bash

Rename a container

docker rename containerName newName

Follow log output

docker log -f containerId or docker log -f containerName

Remove Docker container

docker rm containerId or docker rm containerName

Remove Docker image

docker rmi imageId or docker rmi imageName

Force remove: docker rmi -f imageId

Commit a container

docker commit containerId newImageName
The commit operation will not include any data contained in volumes mounted inside the container.

Create a docker image backup

docker save imageName > filename.tar

Load a docker image backup from a file

docker load < filename.tar